Our comparison shows, however, that nature-based solutions in urban development projects in these three cities are largely planned, designed and implemented without using an explicit ES approach. The urban planning literature devotes increasing attention to urban ecosystem services (ES) and its potential for utilitarian valuation including assigning preference weights, valuation and pricing of green and blue characteristics of urban development projects. As policy instruments they vary in their complexity and goals for. We explore the differences and parallels of three green area indicators: Berlin’s Biotope Area Factor (BAF), Stockholm’s Green Area Factor (GYF) and Oslo’s Blue Green Factor (BGF). Performance-based green area indicators are increasingly used as policy instruments to promote nature-based solutions in urban property development. Since many of the literatures on the subject are in German, this study contributes to the list of works on the subject in English. Focusing on Weyarn Municipality, a rural area of upper Bavaria in southern Germany, the research specifically reveals how the community stemmed its emerging urbanization through the implementation of village renewal and regained its rural identity. Using data from the local level in Germany, the research investigates how rural development can take place through the application of this instrument. It provides overview on the meaning and aims of village renewal, as well as its history in Germany. The objective of this study is to present the role village renewal plays as an instrument of rural development in Germany. In an effort to help rural people respond to these challenges, the German government initiated a village renewal policy that allows rural communities decide on their future to rurally improve their living conditions. These difficulties range from distortions in cultural lifestyle to loss of rural identity to unrealistic economic lifestyles. This is different in Germany, where urban migrants are often accused of contributing to difficulties in rural living. Rural migrants are usually accused of contributing to urban poverty.
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